The Phytochemical constituents and biological activities of sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) leaves hydroethanolic extracts
Abstract
Peronema canescens, Jack commonly known as "sungkai," has been traditionally used as a herbal medicine for various health conditions. This study aimed to explore the bioactive compound of the P. canescens leaves hydroethanolic extract, along with assessing its antioxidant and antimutagenic properties. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was utilized for phytochemical analysis of the hydroethanolic extracts, while antioxidant activity was evaluated through the DPPH radical scavenging method. Quantification of total phenolic and flavonoid content was achieved via colorimetric analysis. Furthermore, the DNA protection activity was assessed using plasmid pBR322 subjected to free radical treatment. The primary bioactive compounds identified in the P. canescens hydroethanolic extracts belonged to the alkaloid and flavonoid groups. The antioxidant activity of P.canescens leaves hydroethanolic extracts showed an IC50 value of 0.02±0.00 µg/mL. Additionally, the total flavonoid and phenolic content were measured at 33,769±3,626 µg QE/mL and 638,924±6,683 µg GAE/mL, respectively. Notably, P.canescens exhibited significant potential in mitigating DNA damage. In conclusion, the P. canescens leaves hydroethanolic extracts demonstrate promising attributes as a herbal medicine, highlighting notable antioxidant and antimutagenic effects.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ahmad, I., & Ibrahim, A. (2015). Bioaktivitas ekstrak metanol dan fraksi n-heksana daun sungkai (peronema canescens jack) terhadap larva udang (artemia salina leach). Jurnal Sains Dan Kesehatan, 1(3), 114–119. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v1i3.27
Alhmoud, J.F., Woolley, J.F., Al Moustafa, A.E., & Malki, M.I. (2020). DNA damage/repair management in cancers. Cancers (Basel), 12(4), 1-22. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12041050
Arumugam, M.K., Paal, M.C., Donohue, T.M.Jr., Ganesan, M., Osna, N.A., & Kharbanda, K.K. (2021). Beneficial effects of betaine: A comprehensive review. Biology (Basel), 10(6), 1-24. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10060456
Basu, A.K. (2018). DNA damage, mutagenesis and cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19, 1-13. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19040970
Boratyński, P.J., Zielińska-Błajet, M., & Skarżewski, J. (2019). Cinchona alkaloids—derivatives and applications. The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology, 82, 29-145. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.alkal.2018.11.001
Brata, A., & Wasih, E.A. (2021). Uji efek antipiretik infusa daun sungkai (Peronema canescens) pada mencit putih jantan (Mus musculus). Riset Informasi Kesehatan, 10(2), 164-173. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.30644/rik.v10i2.554
Cannan, W.J., & Pederson, D.S. (2016). Mechanisms and consequences of double-strand DNA break formation in chromatin. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 231(1), 3-14. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.25048
Chia-Chi, C., MingHua, Y., Hwei-Mei, W., & Jiing-Chuan, C. (2002). Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 10(3), 178–182. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.2748
Chen, A.Y., & Chen, YC. (2012). A review of the dietary flavonoid, kaempferol on human health and cancer chemoprevention. Food Chemistry, 138(4), 2099-2107. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.139
David AVA, Arulmoli R, & Parasuraman S. (2016). Overviews of biological importance of quercetin: A bioactive flavonoid. Pharmacognosy Review, 10(20), 84-89. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.194044
Dobrijević, D., Pastor, K., Nastić, N., Özogul, F., & Krulj, J. (2023). Betaine as a functional ingredient: metabolism, health-promoting attributes, food sources, applications and analysis methods. Molecules, 28(12), 1-22. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28124824
Dillasamola, D., Kurniawan, H., & Aldi, Y. (2021). Immunomodulator effect test of sungkai leaves (Peronema canescens Jack.) ethanol extract using carbon clearance method. Advances in Health Sciences Research, 40, 1-6. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.211105.001
El-Halawany, A.M., Chung, M.H., Abdallah, H.M., Nishihara, T., & Hattori, M. (2010). Estrogenic activity of a naringinase-treated extract of Sophora japonica cultivated in Egypt. Pharmaceutical Biolology, 48(2), 177-181. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3109/13880200903062663
El Menyiy, N., Aboulaghras, S., Bakrim, S., Moubachir, R., Taha, D., & Khalid, A. (2023). Genkwanin: An emerging natural compound with multifaceted pharmacological effects. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 165(2023), 1-16. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115159
Han, H.Y., Kim, H.J., Jeong, S.H., Kim, J., Jeong, S.H., & Kim, G.C. (2018). The flavonoid jaceosidin from artemisia princeps induces apoptotic cell death and inhibits the akt pathway in oral cancer cells. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2018, 1-9. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5765047
Harborne, J.B., & Williams, C.A. (2000). Advances in flavonoid research since 1992. Phytochemistry, 55(6), 481-504. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00235-1
Izzotti, A. (2002). DNA damage and alterations of gene expression in chronic-degenerative diseases. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 50(1), 145–154. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12673355/
Koz, O., Pizza, C., & Kirmizigül, S. (2009). Triterpene and flavone glycosides from Anchusa undulata subsp. hybrida. Natural Product Research, 23(3), 284-292. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410802006140
Lee, H.K., Kim, H.S., Kim, Y.J., Kim, J.S., Park, Y.S., & Kang, J.S. (2013). Sophoricoside isolated from Sophora japonica ameliorates contact dermatitis by inhibiting NF-κB signaling in B cells. International Immunopharmacology, 15(3), 467-473. Retrieved from https://doiorg/10.1016/j.intimp.2013.01.025
Lin, Y., Shi, R., Wang, X., & Shen, H.M. (2008). Luteolin, a flavonoid with potential for cancer prevention and therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets, 8(7), 634-646. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2174/156800908786241050
Liu, C., Yang, S., Wang, K., Bao, X., Liu, Y., & Zhou, S. (2019). Alkaloids from traditional chinese medicine against hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 120(2019), 1-15. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2 019.109543
Luu, J., & Palczewski, K. (2018). Human aging and disease: Lessons from age-related macular degeneration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(12), 2866-2872. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721033115
Maxwell, J.F. (1978). A revision of medinilla, pachycentria and pogonanthera (melastomataceae) from the malay penisula. Garden's Bulletin, Singapore, 31(4), 139-216. Retrieved from https://biostor.org/reference/140110
McRae, M.P. (2023). Betaine supplementation decreases plasma homocysteine in healthy adult participants: A meta-analysis. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 12, 20–25. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2012.11.001
Min, B., Oh, S.R., Lee, H.K., Takatsu, K., Chang, I.M., Min, K.R., & Kim, Y. (1999). Sophoricoside analogs as the IL-5 inhibitors from Sophora japonica. Planta Medica. 65(5), 408-412. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1055/s-1999-14016
Munteanu, I.G., & Apetrei, C. (2021). Analytical methods used in determining antioxidant activity: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(7), 1-30. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073380
Naczk, M., & Shahidi, F. (2004). Extraction and analysis of phenolics in food. Journal of Chromatography A, 1054(1-2), 95–111. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.08.059
Nimse, S., & Pal, D. (2015). Free radicals, natural antioxidants, and their reaction mechanisms. RSC Advances, 5(35): 27986-28006. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA13315C
Panche, A.N., Diwan, A.D., & Chandra, S.R. (2016). Flavonoids: an overview. Journal of Nutritional Science, 5(e47), 1-15. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2016.41
Pereira, L.C.O., Abreu, L.S., Silva, J.P.R.E., Machado, F.S.V.L., Queiroga, C.S., & do Espı Rito-Santo, R.F. (2020). Bioactive compounds from the aerial parts of evolvulus linarioides. Journal of Natural Products, 83(5), 1515-1523. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01189
Phaniendra, A., Jestadi, D.B., & Periyasamy, L. (2015). Free radicals: properties, sources, targets, and their implication in various diseases. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 30(1), 11-26. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-014-0446-0
Rahayu, I., & Timotius, K.H. (2022). Phytochemical analysis, antimutagenic and antiviral activity of moringa oleifera L. Leaf Infusion: In Vitro and In Silico Studies, Molecules, 27(13), 4017. Retrieved from http://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134017
Sáez, G,T. (2018). DNA injury and repair systems. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(7), 1-4. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19071902
Santiago, L.Â.M., Neto, R.N.M., & Santos Ataíde, A.C. (2021). Flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins: are these plant-derived compounds an alternative to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis? A literature review. Clinical Phytoscience, 7(58), 1-10. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/s40816-021-00291-3
Serafini, M., Peluso, I., & Raguzzini, A. (2010). Flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 69(3), 273-278. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1017/S002966511000162X
Shadfar, S., Parakh, S., Jamali, M.S., & Atkin, J.D. (2023). Redox dysregulation as a driver for DNA damage and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases. Translational Neurodegeneration, 12(1), 18. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-023-00350-4
Singleton, V.L., Orthofer, R., & Lamuela-Raventós, R.M. (1999). Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. Methods in Enzymology, 299, 152–178. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(99)99017-1
Shukla, S., Park, J., Kim, D.H., Hong, S.Y., Lee, J.S., & Kim, M. (2016). Total phenolic content, antioxidant, tyrosinase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of water soluble infusions of noble starter culture doenjang, a korean fermented soybean sauce variety. Food Control, 59, 854–861. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.07.003
Truitt, C., Hoff, W.D., & Deole, R. (2021). Health functionalities of betaine in patients with homocystinuria. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8, 1-5. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021
Włodarczyk, M., & Nowicka, G. (2019). Obesity, DNA damage, and development of obesity-related diseases. International Journal Molecular Sciences, 20(5), 1-18. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20051146
Xu, Y., Chen, W.Z., & Du, N. (2009). Effects of sophoricoside and genistein on biological characteristics of osteoblasts. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao, 7(3), 223-227. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3736/jcim20090305
Yu, J., Song, X., Wang, D., Wang, X., & Wang, X. (2017). Five new chromone glycosides from Scindapsus officinalis (Roxb.) Schott. Fitoterapia, 122, 101-106. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2017.09.002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31932/jpbio.v9i1.3398
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 116 timesPDF - 57 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.