Lansium domesticum metabolites interfere with digestive enzyme function in the rice weevil sitophilus oryzae
Abstract
Pectin methylesterase (PME) plays a key role in polysaccharide digestion in the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae, making it a potential molecular target for pest control. This study employed structure-based in silico analysis to evaluate selected metabolites of Lansium domesticum as PME inhibitors. Representative compounds were chosen according to predicted interference mechanisms and docked into the validated catalytic site. All complexes showed structural stability, while interaction patterns revealed six inhibition modes: competitive mimicry, catalytic disruption, orientation interference, channel blocking, polymer mimicry, and interfacial modulation, whereas polyphenols and glycosides produced the strongest interference. The findings indicate that L. domesticum metabolites can disrupt digestive enzymatic processes through multiple complementary pathways, supporting their potential development as biologically derived pest management agents.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdallah, H. M., Mohamed, G. A., & Ibrahim, S. R. M. (2022). Lansium domesticum—A fruit with multi-benefits: Traditional uses, phytochemicals, nutritional value, and bioactivities. Nutrients, 14(7), 1531. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071531
Afroz, M., Rahman, M. M., & Amin, M. R. (2021). Insect plant interaction with reference to secondary metabolites: A review. Agricultural Reviews, 42(4), 427–433. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.R-200
Awadallah, S., Ata, T., Hashem, A., & Shetefa, M. (2024). Influence of different stored grains on adult emergence rates and weight loss by the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology, 15(1), 1–6. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2024.258681.1201
Azarkina, N. V., Borisov, V. B., Oleynikov, I. P., Sudakov, R. V., & Vygodina, T. V. (2023). Interaction of terminal oxidases with amphipathic molecules. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(7), 6428. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076428
Berhe, M., Subramanyam, B., Chichaybelu, M., Demissie, G., Abay, F., & Harvey, J. (2022). Post-harvest insect pests and their management practices for major food and export crops in East Africa: An Ethiopian case study. Insects, 13(11), 1068. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13111068
Berman, H. M., Westbrook, J., Feng, Z., Gilliland, G., Bhat, T. N., Weissig, H., Shindyalov, I. N., & Bourne, P. E. (2000). The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Research, 28(1), 235–242. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/28.1.235
BIOVIA, Dassault Systèmes. (2021). Discovery Studio modeling environment (Release 2021). Dassault Systèmes.
Brooks, B. R., Brooks, C. L., 3rd, Mackerell, A. D., Jr., Nilsson, L., Petrella, R. J., Roux, B., Won, Y., Archontis, G., Bartels, C., Boresch, S., Caflisch, A., Caves, L., Cui, Q., Dinner, A. R., Feig, M., Fischer, S., Gao, J., Hodoscek, M., Im, W., … Karplus, M. (2009). CHARMM: The biomolecular simulation program. Journal of Computational Chemistry, 30(10), 1545–1614. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.21287
Castillo-Campos, L., Velázquez-Libera, J. L., & Caballero, J. (2023). Computational study of the binding orientation and affinity of noncovalent inhibitors of the papain-like protease (PLpro) from SARS-CoV-1 considering the protein flexibility by using molecular dynamics and cross-docking. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 10, 1215499. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2023.1215499
Çetin, E., Abdizadeh, H., Atilgan, A., & Atilgan, C. (2025). A thermodynamic cycle to predict the competitive inhibition outcomes of an evolving enzyme. Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, 21, 4910–4920. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c00193
Chamani, M., Dadpour, M., Dehghanian, Z., Panahirad, S., Bouket, A., Oszako, T., & Kumar, S. (2025). From digestion to detoxification: Exploring plant metabolite impacts on insect enzyme systems for enhanced pest control. Insects, 16(4), 392. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040392
Coculo, D., & Lionetti, V. (2022). The plant invertase/pectin methylesterase inhibitor superfamily. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 863892. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.863892
Dallakyan, S., & Olson, A. J. (2015). Small-molecule library screening by docking with PyRx. In G. A. Williams & T. M. Coleman (Eds.), Chemical biology: Methods and protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 1263, pp. 243–250). Humana Press. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2269-7_19
Ferreira, L. G., Dos Santos, R. N., Oliva, G., & Andricopulo, A. D. (2015). Molecular docking and structure-based drug design strategies. Molecules, 20(7), 13384–13421. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200713384
Hendrickson-Rebizant, T., Sudhakar, S., Rowley, M., Frankel, A., Davie, J., & Lakowski, T. (2024). Structure, function, and activity of small molecule and peptide inhibitors of protein arginine methyltransferase 1. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 67(19), 15931–15946. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00490
Hrmova, M., & Schwerdt, J. G. (2023). Molecular mechanisms of processive glycoside hydrolases underline catalytic pragmatism. Biochemical Society Transactions, 51(3), 1387–1403. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20221087
Itskanov, S., Wang, L., Junne, T., Sherriff, R., Xiao, L., Blanchard, N., Shi, W., Forsyth, C., Hoepfner, D., Spiess, M., & Park, E. (2022). A common mechanism of Sec61 translocon inhibition by small molecules. Nature Chemical Biology, 19(8), 951–959. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-023-01337-y
Kaur, S., Samota, M., Choudhary, M., Choudhary, M., Pandey, A., Sharma, A., & Thakur, J. (2022). How do plants defend themselves against pathogens—Biochemical mechanisms and genetic interventions. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 28(3), 485–504. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-022-01146-y
Kent, L., Loo, T., Melton, L., Mercadante, D., Williams, M., & Jameson, G. (2016). Structure and properties of a non-processive, salt-requiring, and acidophilic pectin methylesterase from Aspergillus niger provide insights into the key determinants of processivity control. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 291(3), 1289–1306. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m115.673152
Kumar, R., Meghwanshi, G. K., Marcianò, D., Ullah, S. F., Bulone, V., Toffolatti, S. L., & Srivastava, V. (2023). Sequence, structure and functionality of pectin methylesterases and their use in sustainable carbohydrate bioproducts: A review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 244, 125385. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125385
Kumar, R., Meghwanshi, G. K., Marcianò, D., Ullah, S. F., Bulone, V., Toffolatti, S. L., & Srivastava, V. (2023). Sequence, structure and functionality of pectin methylesterases and their use in sustainable carbohydrate bioproducts: A review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 244, 125385. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125385
Martinez-Gonzalez, A. I., Díaz-Sánchez, Á. G., de la Rosa, L. A., Vargas-Requena, C. L., Bustos-Jaimes, I., & Alvarez-Parrilla, E. (2017). Polyphenolic compounds and digestive enzymes: In vitro non-covalent interactions. Molecules, 22(4), 669. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22040669
Mayanti, T., Sinaga, S. E., & Supratman, U. (2022). Phytochemistry and biological activity of Lansium domesticum Corr. species: a review. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 74(11), 1568–1587. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/jpp/rgac057
Momany, F. A., & Rone, R. (1992). Validation of the general purpose QUANTA ®3.2/CHARMm® force field. Journal of Computational Chemistry, 13(7), 888–900. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540130714
Moussaoui, M., Baammi, S., Soufi, H., Baassi, M., El Allali, A., Belghiti, M. E., Daoud, R., & Belaaouad, S. (2024). QSAR, ADMET, molecular docking, and dynamics studies of 1,2,4-triazine-3(2H)-one derivatives as tubulin inhibitors for breast cancer therapy. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 16418. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-66877-2
Nawaz, N., Nawaz, S., Hussain, A., Anayat, M., Wen, S., & Wang, F. (2025). Integrative in silico and experimental characterization of endolysin LysPALS22: Structural diversity, ligand binding affinity, and heterologous expression. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(17), 8579. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178579
Nayak, M. K., Daglish, G. J., Phillips, T. W., & Ebert, P. R. (2020). Resistance to the fumigant phosphine and its management in insect pests of stored products: A global perspective. Annual Review of Entomology, 65, 333–350. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-024906
O'Boyle, N. M., Banck, M., James, C. A., Morley, C., Vandermeersch, T., & Hutchison, G. R. (2011). Open Babel: An open chemical toolbox. Journal of Cheminformatics, 3(1), 33. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/1758-2946-3-33
Oktariansyah, Y., Hanum, L., & Habiburrahman, M. (2025). Secondary metabolites from Lansium domesticum as potential anti-inflammatory iNOS inhibitors: An in silico study. Jurnal Biolokus: Jurnal Biologi dan Pendidikan Biologi, 8(2), 214–233. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/biolokus.v8i2.4731
Olubiyi, O. O., Olagunju, M. O., & Obisesan, A. O. (2017). Computational analysis of physicochemical factors driving CYP2D6 ligand interaction. Current Computer-Aided Drug Design, 13(1), 39–47. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2174/1573409912666160909092600
Pagadala, N. S., Syed, K., & Tuszynski, J. (2017). Software for molecular docking: A review. Biophysical Reviews, 9(2), 91–102. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s12551-016-0247-1
Paul, A., Radhakrishnan, M., Anandakumar, S., Shanmugasundaram, S., & Anandharamakrishnan, C. (2020). Disinfestation techniques for major cereals: A status report. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 19(3), 1125–1155. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12555
Pesaresi, A. (2023). Mixed and non-competitive enzyme inhibition: underlying mechanisms and mechanistic irrelevance of the formal two-site model. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 38(1), 2245168. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2023.2245168
Pinzi, L., & Rastelli, G. (2019). Molecular docking: Shifting paradigms in drug discovery. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(18), 4331. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184331
Reem, N., Chambers, L., Zhang, N., Abdullah, S., Chen, Y., Feng, G., Gao, S., Soto-Burgos, J., Pogorelko, G., Bassham, D., Anderson, C., Walley, J., & Zabotina, O. (2020). Post-synthetic reduction of pectin methylesterification causes morphological abnormalities and alterations to stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants, 9(11), 1558. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111558
Rosell, M., & Fernández-Recio, J. (2020). Docking-based identification of small-molecule binding sites at protein-protein interfaces. Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, 18, 3750–3761. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2020.11.029
Roy, T. K. (2024). Efficacy assessment of different botanicals against rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) in stored rice. SAARC Journal of Agriculture, 22(2), 173–184. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3329/sja.v22i2.76521
Rudiyansyah, Malinda, E. P., Alimuddin, A. H., Sapar, A., & Indrayani, Y. (2025). Antifeedant activity of limonoids from the seeds of Lansium domesticum Corr. against subterranean termite Coptotermes curvignathus. Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 10(1). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.11823
Samaei-Daryan, S., Goliaei, B., & Ebrahim-Habibi, A. (2017). Characterization of surface binding sites in glycoside hydrolases: A computational study. Journal of Molecular Recognition, 30(9), e2624. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/jmr.2624
Schröder, S. P., Offen, W. A., Males, A., Jin, Y., de Boer, C., Enotarpi, J., Marino, L., van der Marel, G. A., Florea, B. I., Codée, J. D. C., Overkleeft, H. S., & Davies, G. J. (2021). Development of non-hydrolysable oligosaccharide activity-based inactivators for endoglycanases: A case study on ?-1,6 mannanases. Chemistry – A European Journal, 27(37), 9519–9523. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202101255
Schrödinger, LLC. (2015). The PyMOL molecular graphics system (Version 2.0). Schrödinger, LLC.
Shahidi, F., & Dissanayaka, C. (2023). Phenolic-protein interactions: Insight from in-silico analyses – a review. Food Production, Processing and Nutrition, 5, 1–21. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/s43014-022-00121-0
Singh, S., & Sharma, D. K. (2024). Deterioration of grain quality of wheat by rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) during storage. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 58(2), 344–349. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.18805/IJARe.A-5695
Spiwok, V. (2017). CH/? interactions in carbohydrate recognition. Molecules, 22(7), 1038. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22071038
Suganya, T., Packiavathy, I., Aseervatham, G., Carmona, A., Rashmi, V., Mariappan, S., Devi, N., & Ananth, D. (2022). Tackling multiple-drug-resistant bacteria with conventional and complex phytochemicals. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 12, 883839. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.883839
Tateing, S., & Suree, N. (2022). Decoding molecular recognition of inhibitors targeting HDAC2 via molecular dynamics simulations and configurational entropy estimation. PLOS ONE, 17(8), e0273265. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273265
Tian, Y., Kong, H., Ban, X., Li, C., Gu, Z., & Li, Z. (2023). Distribution of aromatic amino acid residues in substrate-binding regions modulates substrate specificity of microbial debranching enzymes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 71(30), 11544–11554. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02979
Trott, O., & Olson, A. J. (2010). AutoDock Vina: Improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading. Journal of Computational Chemistry, 31(2), 455–461. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.21334
Urban, P., Lautier, T., Pompon, D., & Truan, G. (2018). Ligand access channels in cytochrome P450 enzymes: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(6), 1617. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19061617
Wormit, A., & Usadel, B. (2018). The multifaceted role of pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(10), 2878. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102878
Wormit, A., & Usadel, B. (2018). The multifaceted role of pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(10), 2878. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102878
Wu, H., Bulgakov, V., & Jinn, T. (2018). Pectin methylesterases: Cell wall remodeling proteins are required for plant response to heat stress. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 1612. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01612
Yamin, Y., Ruslin, R., Sabarudin, S., Sida, N., Kasmawati, H., & Diman, L. (2020). Determination of antiradical activity, total phenolic, and total flavonoid contents of extracts and fractions of langsat (Lansium domesticum Coor.) seeds. Borneo Journal of Pharmacy, 3(4), 249–256. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v3i4.1500
Yang, C., Chen, E. A., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Protein–ligand docking in the machine-learning era. Molecules, 27(14), 4568. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27144568
Zai, M. J., Cock, I. E., & Cheesman, M. J. (2025). Plant metabolites as potential agents that potentiate or block resistance mechanisms involving $beta$-lactamases and efflux pumps. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(12), 5550. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26125550
Zhang, J., Li, C., Wang, G., Cao, J., Yang, X., Liu, X., & Sun, L. (2022). ?-Amylase inhibition of a certain dietary polyphenol is predominantly affected by the concentration of ?-1, 4-glucosidic bonds in starchy and artificial substrates. Food Research International, 157, 111210. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111210
Zhang, J., Li, S., Liu, X., & Sun, L. (2023). Inconsistency between polyphenol-enzyme binding interactions and enzyme inhibition: Galloyl moiety decreases amyloglucosidase inhibition of catechins. Food Research International, 163, 112155. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112155
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31932/jpbio.v11i1.6212
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 0 timesPDF - 0 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.








