Analisis Kesalahan Siswa Berdasarkan Prosedur Newman pada Soal Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis

Dewani Roro Rengganis, Sintha Sih Dewanti, Sumbaji Putranto, Iwan Kuswidi

Abstract


Mathematical critical thinking skills are essential in mathematics learning; however, students' performance remains low, particularly in solving non-routine and contextual problems. This study aimed to describe students' errors in solving systems of linear equations in two variables (SLETV) and systems of linear equations in three variables (SLETHV) using Newman's Error Analysis. A descriptive qualitative approach was conducted at MA D Baito Sunan Plumbon in May 2026, involving 16 eleventh-grade students selected through random sampling. The instrument consisted of five standardized essay questions with high validity and moderate reliability. Data were analyzed using Newman's five stages: reading, comprehension, transformation, process skills, and encoding. The results showed that 62.5% of students demonstrated moderate mathematical critical thinking skills, while 18.75% were categorized as high and 18.75% as low. The most frequent errors occurred at the comprehension stage (59%), followed by process skills (28%), transformation (12%), and encoding (1%), with no reading errors identified. Students with high critical thinking skills mainly made inference errors, whereas those with moderate and low skills showed errors in transformation, process skills, and sequentially from comprehension to encoding. These findings provide diagnostic insights for designing more responsive instruction in SLETV and SLETHV.

Keywords: error analysis; mathematical critical thinking; Newman Error Analysis; systems of linear equations in two variables; systems of linear equations in three variables.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Ahzan, Z. N., Simarmata, J. E., & Mone, F. (2022). Using Newman Error Analysis to detect students' error in solving junior high school mathematics problem. Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA, 23(2), 459–473. https://doi.org/10.23960/jpmipa/v23i2.pp459-473.

Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (Eds.). (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives. Longman.

Anghileri, J. (2006). Scaffolding practices that enhance mathematics learning. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 9(1), 33–52.

Barus, D. R., Isnarto, I., & Walid, W. (2026). Profile of critical thinking errors of junior high school students based on Facione’s theory in solving problems on SLETV material. Kontinu: Jurnal Penelitian Didaktik Matematika.

Brookhart, S. M. (2010). How to assess higher-order thinking skills in your classroom. ASCD.

Dewi, S. P., & Kartini, K. (2021). Analisis kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal sistem persamaan linear tiga variabel berdasarkan prosedur Newman. Jurnal Cendekia: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 5(1), 632–642.

Dilla, S. C., Wahyudin, W., & Rahmat, R. (2024). Analyzing student’s mathematical critical thinking ability of mistakes made in completing mathematical critical thinking skills in terms of habits of mind. Journal of Innovative Mathematics Learning.

Dwi, P., Sitaresmi, W., Studi, P., & Matematika, T. (2023). Analisis kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita aritmetika berdasarkan prosedur newman. 5(1), 601–610.

Faizah, H., & Dewanti, S. S. (2018). Kesalahan Siswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Sosial Statistika Ditunjau Dari Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis. 8, 37–55.

Fatah, Z., & Sukoriyanto, S. (2024). Student errors in solving system of linear equations in two variables story problems based on Newman error analysis. AXIOM: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Matematika, 13(1).

Harahap, A. N., Bentri, A., Musdi, E., & Yerizon, Y. (2024). Analysis of students’ critical thinking skills in solving mathematics problems in terms of students’ initial ability. Indonesian Journal of Science and Mathematics Education.

Kurniasih, A. W. (2012). Scaffolding sebagai alternatif upaya meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika. Kreano: Jurnal Matematika Kreatif-Inovatif, 3(2), 113–124.

Kurniayu, N. (2020). Kompetensi strategis siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita ditinjau dari tipe kepribadian. 13, 239–255.

Lessing, M.-J., & Ogbonnaya, U. I. (2026). Reasoning and proof in mathematics education: A systematic literature review. Discover Education, 5, Article 31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-025-01016-1

Lubis, A. R., Yuanita, P., & Hutapea, N. M. (2025). Analisis Kesalahan Siswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Kontekstual SPLTV Berdasarkan Teori Newman. 5(1), 29–43.

Mesa, N. (2022). Strategi Pembelajaran REACT Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Matematis Siswa SMP. 8(4), 1387–1402. https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v8i4.3790

Narwastu, R., Bernard, M., & Nurmala, N. (2022). Analisis kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa ditinjau dari kemampuan awal matematis. Journal of Medives: Journal of Mathematics Education IKIP Veteran Semarang, 6(2), 215–226.

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (2014). Principles to Actions: Ensuring Mathematical Success for All. Reston, VA: NCTM.

Newman, M. A. (1977). An analysis of sixth-grade pupils’ errors on written mathematical tasks. Victorian Institute for Educational Research Bulletin, 39, 31–43.

OECD. (2023). PISA 2022 assessment and analytical framework. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/dfe0bf9c-en

Olenggius J. D., & Dwi Cahyadi Wibowo, S. S. (2020). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika. J-PiMat, 2(2), 242–254.

Peter A. Facione. (1990). Critical Thinking: A Statement of Expert Consensus for Purposes of Educational Assessment and Instruction (The Delphi Report). California Academic Press.

Peter A. Facione. (2015). Critical Thinking: What It Is and Why It Counts. Insight Assessment.

Prasetyaningrum, H. D., Widodo, S. A., & Setyawan, F. (2022). Analisis kesalahan siswa berdasarkan Newman Error Analysis dalam menyelesaikan soal kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis. Aksioma: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 11(3), 2135–2147.

Rahma, S. M., Zuhri, M. S., Prayito, M., & Semarang, U. P. (2023). Analisis Kesalahan Siswa Berdasarkan Tahapan Newman dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel Ditinjau dari Perbedaan Jenis Kelamin dan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa. 05(02), 115–128.

Ramadhan, D., Putri, R. I. I., & Zulkardi, Z. (2025). Newman’s error analysis of trigonometry problem: Critical thinking perspective. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Dan IPA, 16(1), 45–57.

Sabrina, K. A., Nia, K., & Effendi, S. (2022). Kemampuan Representasi Matematis Siswa Pada Materi Kesebangunan. 8(1), 219–228. https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v8i1.1969

Santos-Trigo, M. (2024). Problem solving in mathematics education: Tracing its foundations and current research-practice trends. ZDM–Mathematics Education, 56, 211–222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-024-01578-8

Saputri, V., & Kamsurya, R. (2021). The Newman procedure for analyzing students’ errors in solving systems of linear equations. Kalamatika: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 6(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.22236/KALAMATIKA.vol6no1.2021pp31-44

Setiana, D. S., Purwoko, R. Y., & Sugiman, S. (2021). The application of mathematics learning model to stimulate mathematical critical thinking skills of senior high school students. European Journal of Educational Research, 10(1), 509–523. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.10.1.509

Solihah, S., Kartono, K., Dwijanto, D., & Mariani, S. (2018). Pemahaman Konseptual dan Prosedural Matematis dalam Pembelajaran Kontekstual. 489.

Wahyu, A., Putri, S., Prastiwi, L., & Siolimbona, D. R. (2026). Pola Kesalahan Siswa Pada Materi Peluang : Kajian Teori Newman Berdasarkan Gaya Kognitif. 8(1), 2041–2052.

White, A. L. (2010). Numeracy, literacy and Newman's Error Analysis. Journal of Science and Mathematics Education in Southeast Asia, 33(2), 129–148




DOI: https://doi.org/10.31932/j-pimat.v8i2.6854

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 0 times
PDF - 0 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Lisensi Creative Commons
Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-NonKomersial 4.0 Internasional.