Antibacterial effect of ethanol extract of nutmeg against foodborne disease pathogens

Eka Astuty, Eka Sukmawaty

Abstract


Foodborne disease is a disease that occurs as a result of food contamination by microbes or harmful chemicals. Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.)  is widely used as a spice and flavor enhancer for food and beverages. In addition, it has traditionally been used to treat diarrhea and kidney disease. Several pharmacological studies have reported the antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiarrheal and anti-inflammatory activity of this plant. Antibacterial effectiveness test of nutmeg against several pathogens in this study was carried out using the disc diffusion method. The results of this study indicated that the ethanol extract of flesh of fruit (concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) had antibacterial activity against all tested pathogenic bacteria. Different results were shown by the ethanol extract of seed and mace. All the ethanol extract concentrations of seed were not able to inhibit the growth of Shigella sp. and Clostridium sp., while the ethanol extract of mace in all concentrations was unable to inhibit the growth of Shigella sp. Various factors may affecting this extract and compound activity when used in complex biological systems such as in vivo and human studies. Future studies must also focus on aspects of pharmacokinetics and toxicological plant extracts and phytochemicals.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Ali, M. A., Hamiduddin, Zaigham, M., & Ikram, M. (2018). Phyto-pharmacological potential of Jaiphal (Myristica fragrans Houtt): A spice of medicinal importance and its utilization in Unani Medicine. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 12(1), S26–S36. Retrieved from https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V12I01.1598

Anibijuwon, I. I., & Omojasola, P. F. (2013). Antibacterial activity of myristica fragrans and curry powder against selected organisms. Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 28(1), 103–111. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272503554_Antibacterial_Activity_of_Myristica_fragrans_and_Curry_Powder_against_Selected_Organisms

Benmeziane, F., Djermoune-Arkoub, L., Adamou Hassan, K., & Zeghad, H. (2018). Evaluation of antibacterial activity of aqueous extract and essential oil from garlic against some pathogenic bacteria. International Food Research Journal, 25(2), 561–564. Retrieved from http://www.ifrj.upm.edu.my/25%20(02)%202018/(15).pdf

Gupta, A. D., Bansal, V. K., Babu, V., & Maithil, N. (2013). Chemistry, antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt). Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 11(1), 25–31. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgeb.2012.12.001

Ibrahim, K. M., Naem, R. K., & Abd-Sahib, A. S. (2013). Antibacterial activity of nutmeg (myristica fragrans) seed extracts against some pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Al-Nahrain University Science, 16(2), 188–192. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.22401/jnus.16.2.29

Izah, S. C., Zige, D. V, Alagoa, K. J., Uhunmwangho, E., & Iyamu, A. (2018). Antibacterial Efficacy of Aqueous Extract of Myristica fragrans (Common Nutmeg). Ec Pharmacology And Toxicology Research Article, 4, 291–295. Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Antibacterial-Efficacy-of-Aqueous-Extract-of-(-)-Izah-Zige/e43565e0a4e2aaa4a7911a41e8147554498fa40b

Kassem, A. Z. E. (2018). Cost of Foodborne Illnesses: A literature Review. In Food Safety Science, Health and Behaviour (pp. 1–10). Egypt: International Conference of Egyptian Society of Food Safety. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326920435_Cost_of_Foodborne_Illnesses_A_literature_Review

Kiarsi, Z., Hojjati, M., Behbahani, B. A., & Noshad, M. (2020). In vitro antimicrobial effects of Myristica fragrans essential oil on foodborne pathogens and its influence on beef quality during refrigerated storage. Journal of Food Safety, 40(3). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.12782

Lal, M., Chandraker, S. K., & Shukla, R. (2020). Antimicrobial properties of selected plants used in traditional Chinese medicine. Functional and Preservative Properties of Phytochemicals. Elsevier Inc. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818593-3.00004-x

Lewis, K., & Ausubel, F. M. Prospects for plant-derived antibacterials, 24 Nature Biotechnology § (2006). Retrieved from http://www.nature.com/naturebiotechnology

Nadiya, A. N., & Asharina, I. (2016). Beberapa mikroba patogenik penyebab foodborne disease dan upaya untuk menurunkan prevalensi foodborne disease di indonesia. Institut Teknologi Bandung. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318116513_BEBERAPA_MIKROBA_PATOGENIK_PENYEBAB_FOODBORNE_DISEASE_DAN_UPAYA_UNTUK_MENURUNKAN_PREVALENSI_FOODBORNE_DISEASE_DI_INDONESIA_Mikroba_dalam_Foodborne_Disease_dan_Pencegahannya

Nurhasanah, N. (2014). Antimicrobial activity of nutmeg (myristica fragrans houtt) fruit methanol extract againts growth staphylococus aureus and escherichia coli. Jurnal Bioedukasi, 3(1), 2301–4678. Retrieved from https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.33387/bioedu.v2i1.61

Nurjanah, S., Putri, I. L., & Sugiarti, D. P. (2018). Antibacterial activity of nutmeg oil. In 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security: A Comprehensive Approach (Vol. 2, pp. 563–569). KnE Life Sciences. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i6.1076

Rahadian, D. D. (2009). Pengaruh ekstrak biji pala (myristica fragrans houtt) dosis 7,5 mg/25grbb terhadap waktu induksi tidur dan lama waktu tidur mencit bal b/c yang diinduksi thiopental. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro. Retrieved from https://oai:generic.eprints.org:8066/core379

Shafiei, Z., Shuhairi, N. N., Md Fazly Shah Yap, N., Harry Sibungkil, C. A., & Latip, J. (2012). Antibacterial activity of Myristica fragrans against oral pathogens. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/825362

Shan, B., Cai, Y. Z., Brooks, J. D., & Corke, H. (2007). The in vitro antibacterial activity of dietary spice and medicinal herb extracts. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 117(1), 112–119. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.03.003

Shonhiwa, A. M., Ntshoe, G., Essel, V., Thomas, J., & Mccarthy, K. (2017). A review of foodborne disease outbreaks (Vol. 16). Retrieved from http://www.nicd.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/A-review-of-foodborne-disease-outbreaks.pdf

Simamora, A., Santoso, A. W., & Timotius, K. H. (2018). Bioactivities of methanol and ethyl acetate mace extracts of myristica fragrans houtt. Pharmacognosy Communications, 8(3), 103–107. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5530/pc.2018.3.22

WHO. (2015). Food-borne disease burden epidemiology reference group. World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27769-6_3884-1

Zhang, D., Gan, R. Y., Farha, A. K., Kim, G., Yang, Q. Q., Shi, X. M., & Corke, H. (2019). Discovery of antibacterial dietary spices that target antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Microorganisms, 7(6). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7060157




DOI: https://doi.org/10.31932/jpbio.v7i2.1856

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 225 times
PDF - 165 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.